Membranen

Fraunhofer-Institut für Grenzflächen- und Bioverfahrenstechnik IGB

Technische Membranen sind das Werkzeug der Wahl, wenn es um die Trennung von Stoffgemischen geht. Am Fraunhofer IGB entwickeln wir neuartige Membranen für Anwendungsgebiete, wie Hochtemperaturanwendungen (H2- und O2-Gasgewinnung bzw. -Reinigung, Reformierung, Membranreaktoren), die Filtration von aggressiven Medien und die Medizintechnik (biokompatible oder bioabbaubare Membranen).

Foschungsthemen

 

 

Projekte

  • Keramische Kapillarmembranen für die Filtration
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  • Membranreaktoren auf Basis perowskitischer Kapillarmembranen
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  • Metallmembran zur Wasserstoffreinigung
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  • Membranen für die Direkt-Ethanol-Brennstoffzelle
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  • Neue Membranen für Osmosekraftwerke
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  • Umkehrosmose-Membranen mit verbessertem Foulingverhalten
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  • Ionische Liquide
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  • Membranen für Bioreaktoren
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  • Poröse biomimetische Matrices
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Leistungen

Membranentwicklung

  • Keramik-, Polymer-, Mixed-Matrix-, Komposit-Membranen
  • Hohlfaser-, Kapillar-, Rohrmembranen
  • Flachmembranen
  • Membranmodifizierung (Plasma, Sol-Gel)

Modulentwicklung

  • Vollkeramische Module
  • Polymermodule

Membrancharakterisierung

  • Mikroskopie (REM, FEREM, AFM)
  • Fluss, Permeabilität und Selektivität
  • MWCO-Bestimmung
  • Porengröße und Porengrößenverteilung (BET, Porometrie)
  • Leitfähigkeit (Ionen, Elektronen)
  • Mechanische Eigenschaften
  • Thermische Eigenschaften (TGA, Dilatometrie)
  • Oberflächenanalyse (ESCA, XPS, Benetzung)
  • Membranfouling
  • Membranquellung
  • Membranabbau
  • Schadensanalyse (Membranen und Module)


Anwendungstechnische Untersuchungen

Testvorrichtungen für die

  • Gastrennung (Raumtemperatur bis 1000 °C)
  • Mikrofiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF)
  • Umkehrosmose (RO), Vorwärtsosmose (FO), Pressure-retarded Osmose (PRO)
  • Pervaporation
  • Dampftransport

Ausstattung

Membranherstellung

  • Nassspinnanlagen
  • Doppelkolbenspinnanlage
  • Elektrospinnanlage
  • Verschiedene Sinteröfen
  • Equipment für den Modulbau

Membranbeschichtung

  • Vorrichtungen zur Sol-Gel-Beschichtung
  • Vorrichtungen für Beschichtungen durch electroless-plating
  • Anlagen zur Plasmabeschichtung

Membrancharakterisierung

  • Mikroskopie (REM, FEREM, AFM)
  • Fluss, Permeabilität und Selektivität
  • MWCO-Bestimmung
  • Porengröße und Porengrößenverteilung (BET, Porometrie)
  • Leitfähigkeit (Ionen, Elektronen)
  • Mechanische Eigenschaften
  • Thermische Eigenschaften (TGA, Dilatometrie)
  • Oberflächenanalyse (ESCA, XPS, Benetzung)
  • Membranfouling
  • Membranquellung
  • Membranabbau
  • Schadensanalyse (Membranen und Module)
  • Rheologie
  • Partikelgrößenbestimmung (Mikro-, Nanopartikel)

Anwendungstechnische Untersuchungen

Testvorrichtungen für die

  • Gastrennung (Raumtemperatur bis 1000 °C)
  • Mikrofiltration (MF), Ultrafiltration (UF), Nanofiltration (NF)
  • Umkehrosmose (RO), Vorwärtsosmose (FO), Pressure-retarded Osmose (PRO)
  • Pervaporation
  • Dampftransport

Broschüre

Publikationen

  1. Roelofs, K.S. and T. Schiestel, sPEEK based composite membranes for direct ethanol fuel cell applications. Desalination, 2010. 250(3): p. 1051-1052.
  2. Roelofs, K.S., T. Hirth, and T. Schiestel, Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)-based silica nanocomposite membranes for direct ethanol fuel cells. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010. 346(1): p. 215-226.
  3. Roelofs, K.S., Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) based membranes for direct ethanol fuel cells, in Fakultät Energie-, Verfahrens- und Biotechnik 2010, Universität Stuttgart: Stuttgart. p. 199.
  4. Nicolas, C.H., et al., On a membrane-based process for CO2 capture from internal combustion vehicles. Preprints of Symposia - American Chemical Society, Division of Fuel Chemistry, 2010. 55(1): p. 411-414.
  5. Liang, F., et al., High-Purity Oxygen Production from Air Using Perovskite Hollow Fiber Membranes. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010. 49(19): p. 9377-9384.
  6. Jiang, H., et al., Improved water dissociation and nitrous oxide decomposition by in situ oxygen removal in perovskite catalytic membrane reactor. Catalysis Today, 2010. 156(3-4): p. 187-190.
  7. Jiang, H., et al., Hydrogen Production by Water Dissociation in Surface-Modified BaCoxFeyZr1−x−yO3−δ Hollow-Fiber Membrane Reactor with Improved Oxygen Permeation. Chemistry – A European Journal, 2010. 16(26): p. 7898-7903.
  8. Jiang, H., et al., A Coupling Strategy to Produce Hydrogen and Ethylene in a Membrane Reactor. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2010. 49(33): p. 5656-5660, S5656/1-S5656/2.
  9. Deng, Z., et al., Nanocomposite MFI-alumina hollow fibre membranes prepared via pore-plugging synthesis: Influence of the porous structure of hollow fibres on the gas/vapour separation performance. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010. 364(1-2): p. 1-8.
  10. Czuprat, O., et al., Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane in a perovskite membrane reactor with multi-step oxygen insertion. AIChE Journal, 2010. 56(9): p. 2390-2396.
  11. Czuprat, O., et al., Influence of CO2 on the oxygen permeation performance of perovskite-type BaCoxFeyZrzO3-[delta] hollow fiber membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 2010. 364(1-2): p. 132-137.
  12. Czuprat, O., et al., Oxidative Coupling of Methane in a BCFZ Perovskite Hollow Fiber Membrane Reactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010. 49(21): p. 10230-10236.
  13. Wang, H., et al., Oxygen selective ceramic hollow fiber membranes for partial oxidation of methane. AIChE Journal, 2009. 55(10): p. 2657-2664.
  14. Roelofs, K.S., et al., Behavior of sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) in ethanol–water systems. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2009. 111(6): p. 2998-3009.
  15. Jiang, H., et al., Highly effective NO decomposition by in situ removal of inhibitor oxygen using an oxygen transporting membrane. Chemical Communications, 2009(44): p. 6738-6740.
  16. Jiang, H., et al., Direct Decomposition of Nitrous Oxide to Nitrogen by In Situ Oxygen Removal with a Perovskite Membrane. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2009. 48(16): p. 2983-2986.
  17. Czuprat, O., et al., Olefin Production by a Multistep Oxidative Dehydrogenation in a Perovskite Hollow-Fiber Membrane Reactor. ChemCatChem, 2009. 1(3): p. 401-405.
  18. Czuprat, O., et al., Oxidative dehydrogenation of lower alkanes in a selective membrane reactor with stepwise oxygen feed and in situ hydrogen oxidation. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2009. 81(10): p. 1591-1597.
  19. Cremers, C., et al., Development of Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies Using Sulfonated Polyetheretherketone Mixed Matrix Membranes. ECS Transactions, 2009. 25(1): p. 1685-1695.
  20. Jiang, H., et al., Simultaneous production of hydrogen and synthesis gas by combining water splitting with partial oxidation of methane in a hollow-fiber membrane reactor. Angewandte Chemie, International Edition, 2008. 47(48): p. 9341-9344.
  21. Alshebani, A., et al., Nanocomposite MFI - Ceramic hollow fibres: Prospects for CO2 separation. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 2008. 115(1-2): p. 197-205.
  22. Caro, J., et al., Perovskite hollow-fiber membranes for catalytic partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2007. 79(6): p. 831-842.
  23. Caro, J., et al., Catalytic Membrane Reactors for Partial Oxidation Using Perovskite Hollow Fiber Membranes and for Partial Hydrogenation Using a Catalytic Membrane Contactor. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2007. 46(8): p. 2286-2294.
  24. Wang, H., et al., Hollow fiber membrane reactors for the oxidative activation of ethane. Catalysis Today, 2006. 118(1-2): p. 98-103.
  25. Wang, H., et al., Partial oxidation of methane to syngas in a perovskite hollow fiber membrane reactor. Catalysis Communications, 2006. 7(11): p. 907-912.
  26. Wang, H., et al., Production of high-purity oxygen by perovskite hollow fiber membranes swept with steam. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006. 284(1+2): p. 5-8.
  27. Wang, H., et al., Mixed oxygen ion and electron conducting hollow fiber membranes for oxygen separation. Solid State Ionics, 2006. 177(26-32): p. 2255-2259.
  28. Mathuraiveeran, T., et al., Proton conducting composite membranes with low ethanol crossover for DEFC. Desalination, 2006. 200(1-3): p. 662-663.
  29. Lim, Y.S., T. Schiestel, and C. Chaumette, Surface-modified metal membrane for membrane contactor application. 200(1-3): p. 449-450. Desalination, 2006.
  30. Kleinert, A., et al., Novel hollow fiber membrane reactor for the partial oxidation of methane. Catalysis Today, 2006. 118(1-2): p. 44-51.
  31. Kilgus, M., et al., Dense perovskite hollow fibre membranes. Desalination, 2006. 199(1-3): p. 355-356.
  32. Kilgus, M., et al., Palladium coated ceramic hollow fibre membranes for hydrogen separation. Desalination, 2006. 200(1-3): p. 95-96.
  33. Hamel, C., et al., Experimental and modeling study of the O2-enrichment by perovskite fibers. AIChE Journal, 2006. 52(9): p. 3118-3125.
  34. Gepert, V., et al., Ceramic Supported Capillary Pd Membranes for Hydrogen Separation: Potential and Present Limitations. Fuel Cells, 2006. 6(6): p. 472-481.
  35. Caro, J., et al., Evaluation of perovskites in hollow fibre and disk geometry in catalytic membrane reactors and in oxygen separators. Catalysis Today, 2006. 118(1-2): p. 128-135.
  36. Caro, J., et al., Can inorganic membranes compete with organic ones? Perovskite hollow fibres for O2-separation and supported H2-selective zeolite membranes. Desalination, 2006. 199(1-3): p. 365-367.
  37. Caro, J., et al., Perovskite hollow fibre membranes in the partial oxidation of methane to synthesis gas in a membrane reactor. Desalination, 2006. 199(1-3): p. 415-417.
  38. Wang, H., et al., Perovskite Hollow-Fiber Membranes for the Production of Oxygen-Enriched Air. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2005. 44(42): p. 6906-6909.
  39. Tablet, C., et al., Oxygen permeation study of perovskite hollow fiber membranes. Catalysis Today, 2005. 104(2-4): p. 126-130.
  40. Schiestel, T., et al., Hollow fibre perovskite membranes for oxygen separation. Journal of Membrane Science, 2005. 258(1-2): p. 1-4.
  41. Peter, S., et al., Herstellung von Synthesegas unter Verwendung perowskitischer Membranen. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2005. 77(8): p. 1000-1000.
  42. Stroh, N., T. Schiestel, and X. Pan, Palladium Membranes for Hydrogen Separation. Chemie Ingenieur Technik, 2003. 75(8): p. 1173-1173.